in this chapter, we will look at some of the frequently used batch commands.
| s.no | commands & description | 
|---|---|
| 1 | ver this batch command shows the version of ms-dos you are using. | 
| 2 | assoc this is a batch command that associates an extension with a file type (ftype), displays existing associations, or deletes an association. | 
| 3 | cd this batch command helps in making changes to a different directory, or displays the current directory. | 
| 4 | cls this batch command clears the screen. | 
| 5 | copy this batch command is used for copying files from one location to the other. | 
| 6 | del this batch command deletes files and not directories. | 
| 7 | dir this batch command lists the contents of a directory. | 
| 8 | date this batch command help to find the system date. | 
| 9 | echo this batch command displays messages, or turns command echoing on or off. | 
| 10 | exit this batch command exits the dos console. | 
| 11 | md this batch command creates a new directory in the current location. | 
| 12 | move this batch command moves files or directories between directories. | 
| 13 | path this batch command displays or sets the path variable. | 
| 14 | pause this batch command prompts the user and waits for a line of input to be entered. | 
| 15 | prompt this batch command can be used to change or reset the cmd.exe prompt. | 
| 16 | rd this batch command removes directories, but the directories need to be empty before they can be removed. | 
| 17 | ren renames files and directories | 
| 18 | rem this batch command is used for remarks in batch files, preventing the content of the remark from being executed. | 
| 19 | start this batch command starts a program in new window, or opens a document. | 
| 20 | time this batch command sets or displays the time. | 
| 21 | type this batch command prints the content of a file or files to the output. | 
| 22 | vol this batch command displays the volume labels. | 
| 23 | attrib displays or sets the attributes of the files in the curret directory | 
| 24 | chkdsk this batch command checks the disk for any problems. | 
| 25 | choice this batch command provides a list of options to the user. | 
| 26 | cmd this batch command invokes another instance of command prompt. | 
| 27 | comp this batch command compares 2 files based on the file size. | 
| 28 | convert this batch command converts a volume from fat16 or fat32 file system to ntfs file system. | 
| 29 | driverquery this batch command shows all installed device drivers and their properties. | 
| 30 | expand this batch command extracts files from compressed .cab cabinet files. | 
| 31 | find this batch command searches for a string in files or input, outputting matching lines. | 
| 32 | format this batch command formats a disk to use windows-supported file system such as fat, fat32 or ntfs, thereby overwriting the previous content of the disk. | 
| 33 | help this batch command shows the list of windows-supplied commands. | 
| 34 | ipconfig this batch command displays windows ip configuration. shows configuration by connection and the name of that connection. | 
| 35 | label this batch command adds, sets or removes a disk label. | 
| 36 | more this batch command displays the contents of a file or files, one screen at a time. | 
| 37 | net provides various network services, depending on the command used. | 
| 38 | ping this batch command sends icmp/ip "echo" packets over the network to the designated address. | 
| 39 | shutdown this batch command shuts down a computer, or logs off the current user. | 
| 40 | sort this batch command takes the input from a source file and sorts its contents alphabetically, from a to z or z to a. it prints the output on the console. | 
| 41 | subst this batch command assigns a drive letter to a local folder, displays current assignments, or removes an assignment. | 
| 42 | systeminfo this batch command shows configuration of a computer and its operating system. | 
| 43 | taskkill this batch command ends one or more tasks. | 
| 44 | tasklist this batch command lists tasks, including task name and process id (pid). | 
| 45 | xcopy this batch command copies files and directories in a more advanced way. | 
| 46 | tree this batch command displays a tree of all subdirectories of the current directory to any level of recursion or depth. | 
| 47 | fc this batch command lists the actual differences between two files. | 
| 48 | diskpart this batch command shows and configures the properties of disk partitions. | 
| 49 | title this batch command sets the title displayed in the console window. | 
| 50 | set displays the list of environment variables on the current system. | 
